T Helper Dominance

by | Feb 28, 2021 | Articles, Conditions, Supplements

Advances in the role of helper T cells in autoimmune diseases

TH-1 Dominance

  • Natural killer and cytotoxic T-cell activity
  • Delayed-type hypersensitivity, intracellular pathogens defense
  • IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, Interferon-gamma

TH-2 Dominance

  • B-cell activity
  • IgE production, eosinophilic inflammation, and the protection for helminthic parasite infection.
  • IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25

TH-17 Dominance

  • Respond to fungi and extracellular pathogens and autoimmune inflammatory disorders
  • Require the combination of IL-6 and TGF-β and the transcription factors, RORC2/RORgt (mice) and STAT3 for differentiation
  • IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-17F, and CCL20

T-Regulatory

  • Responsible for maintaining peripheral tolerance
  • FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells produce TGF-β and IL-10, which regulate effector T cells

Compounds that stimulate TH-1

  • Astragalus
  • Echinacea
  • Andrographis
  • Sambucus nigra (black elderberry)
  • Mushrooms (beta-glucan, maitake)
  • Glycyrrhiza
  • Melissa officinalis

Compounds that stimulate TH-2

  • Caffeine
  • Green tea extract
  • Pycnogenol
  • White willow bark
  • Grape seed extract
  • Resveratrol
  • Lycopene

TH17 Dominance

Compounds that lower IL17

  • Probiotics: L. salivarius L. plantarum
  • Curcumin
  • Berberine
  • EGCG
  • Ursolic acid [79]
  • Andrographolide [80]
  • Black Cumin Seed Oil
  • Olive leaf extract [81, 82]
  • Fisetin [83] (inhibits IL-17)
  • Chinese Skullcap/Baicalin [84, 85] (Number of Th17 and IL-17)
  • NAG [86]
  • Red Yeast Rice/statins [20] – synergizes with corticosteroids
  • Grape Seed Extract [87, 88] (STAT3-)
  • Boswellia [89]
  • R-Lipoic Acid [90]
  • Epimedium/Icariin [91]
  • Apigenin [92]
  • Honokiol
  • CBD [94]
  • Galantamine [95, 96, 97]
  • Huperzine A [95]
  • Butyrate [98] – but increases it in response to an infection [99]
  • Cinnamon/NaB [100] (increases IL-17)
  • Artemisinin [101]
  • Beta-Caryophyllene [102]
  • Resveratrol* [103, 104] (conflicting)
  • Probiotics: Enterococcus faecalis [105], (Mice)
  • Parthenolide [106] – IL-17A [107]
  • Ancient Wheat [82]
  • Licorice/Lico A [108] (uncertain) [109]
  • Ginger extract [110]

 

Print Friendly, PDF & Email

Thanks for sharing this article!